How To Seal A Painted Exterior Stucco Concrete Wall? Spray GREAT STUFF into the gaps around your pipes. PipeSnug and FlueSnug are ideal for helping new builds and existing dwellings meet the requirements of Building Regulations for pipes in walls. Wear gloves, goggles, and a dust mask when working with fiberglass. Where Is 500 Exterior Street Bronx New York? Acrylic and latex-based caulking designed for exterior applications are ideal for sealing gaps 1/2 inch and smaller around the perimeter of a pipe. FlueSnug also allows installers to quickly access the pipe and flue for any service or maintenance requirements without the need to remove existing brickwork, mortar or sealant, saving even more time and cost for installers and their customers. You can use Flex Seal, expanding foam, or silicone sealant to fill and seal the gaps and cracks around your copper pipes. What are the current acceptable approaches to sealing pipe penetrations through a below-grade foundation wall? Approved by major boiler manufacturers, FlueSnug is the quickest and most cost-effective way to comply with forthcoming changes to Part L of the Building Regulations and to help maintain the energy efficiency of the building. Terms of Use. Required fields are marked *. Repairing a large wall patch (or even replacing an entire wall) takes only a little more time than a small patch, so open plenty of space for working. How To Vent A Basement Bathroom Fan Through The Wall? Some common examples in the processing environment. Each mechanical seal must be assembled using elastomer links, pressure plates, and bolts. More information can be found at www.csidesigns.com. Use a metal file to smooth any sharp edges that might cut through the patch. My thoughts are to bore a 2" hole and put in the largest piece of PVC that will fit. Prevent smoke, flame and gas from traveling through walls via openings around pipes with 3M putty, foam, sealant, and other through penetration products. Moisture curing, polyurethane expanding foam, specifically developed for filling gaps around pipes and other plumbing applications. PipeSnug simply fits into the hole you have drilled for the pipework and comes in 32mm, 40mm or 110mm sizes. For a precise slope, strike a level line on the studs and measure down -inch per running foot. DO use expanding foam to silence noisy water pipes. Both PipeSnug and FlueSnug can be fitted in seconds and saves time for the installer. Putty offers more flexibility and easier removal, but silicone caulking creates a stronger waterproof and weatherproof seal. weekendbuilds.com.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'k2_builders_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_5',118,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-k2_builders_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Yes. Your email address will not be published. Cut a slit in the bottom edge so the plumbing boot will fit around the pipes. @SSilk Don't do that, the caulk will adhere to the PU foam and create 3 points of contact preventing the caulk from stretching if/when expansion or settling occurs. Dec 21, 2011. I just do not see this as a permanent design solution. These materials can be found at your local hardware store. www.cdc.gov.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'k2_builders_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_13',118,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-k2_builders_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Plumber's putty is a pliable substance used to create watertight seals around faucets and drains. Penetration Type Determines Sealing Solution. Guide the vent pipe up through the hole and into the attic, or room above, and slip its lower end into the fitting at the floor. I would just put it straight on without silicone (no need for additional work). Pipetite is designed to completely seal around pipe and tube as it passes through walls and floors. One of the most common reasons for drilling through brick or masonry walls is to feed waste pipes out from a bathroom or kitchen or to feed the flue and condensate pipes outside from your boiler. Dust the area around the pipe with an old paintbrush or handheld duster to remove dirt, dust and other debris. If left exposed, the foam will eventually crumble. www.greatstuff.dupont.com. Slightly dampen the surface area around the pipe. Easy to install and economical, the linking PipeSeals come in a wide range of sizes. Tighten the clamps to seal the leak. For faucet pipes through exterior walls, install a rubber gasket or flashing around the pipe on the exterior wall, if possible, in addition to caulking. Where a pipe penetrates an exterior wall, a waterproof seal shall be made on the exterior of the wall by one of the following methods: 1. Once the correctly sized hole is drilled (commonly for waste and soil pipes 52mm and 152mm), using a core drill, the pipe can be pushed through. Where can I find an old work ceiling box for armored cable? You could use an outdoor rated caulk on the outside. 0:001:38How to fill awkward or large gaps around pipework or fixings YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipHow to fill awkward or large gaps around your pipe work or fixings. Cut a slit in the bottom edge so the plumbing boot will fit around the pipes. How Many Exterior Supports Does The Lincoln Memorial Have? Does it make sense to try mounting the jigsaw onto the table? Prepare the hole by using a hammer and chisel to square the edges, instructs Quikrete. My house was built in the late 80's and has aluminum siding. The precast elements are usually placed in a special C-B slurry to seal the . Styling contours by colour and by line thickness in QGIS. How do you seal pipes around exterior walls? Cookie Policy @rochester.rr.com > wrote in message For service cables, I use a weather head, bend the wires down prior to entering the weather head (drip line), and don't use anything to seal the. They typically remain in position for a brief period until, over time, the caulk or sealant inevitably dries out and loses its adhesive qualities. Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, Use caulk or canned spray foam to seal piping holes through the top plates, bottom plates, rim joists, and subfloor. Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? There are several reasons why you must seal a hold around a pipe, including; Pipework has to enter the fabric of the building (generally brickwork) to supply services and take waste away from the home. House presentation (interior and exterior with aerial shots), Kinetico Water Softener Problems Top 15 issues and solutions All about Water. Use a combination of foam sealant and cement stucco to fill large gaps and voids. How To Fill Annular Space Around Pipes In Exterior Walls? It is essential to properly seal around a pipe through a brick wall or masonry wall where it enters or exits a building. 1000 Independence Ave. SWWashington DC 20585. Not having paid attention to how to adequately and permanently seal pipe or wiring penetrations through roll formed steel siding. Use a combination of foam sealant and cement stucco to fill large gaps and voids. Pro: A permanent, flexible, and easy-to-install design maintains secure seal despite slope, misalignment, or movement.Con: Greater initial expense than other solutions. PipeSnug pipe seals are available to buy online and in-store from Screwfix, Toolstation and many other retailers across the UK. Make sure you use a weather-appropriate caulk. For the Nozomi from Shinagawa to Osaka, say on a Saturday afternoon, would tickets/seats typically be available - or would you need to book? Change out the cotton balls once a month to keep the smell potent. Long bolt pipe seals allow access to seal a pipe from inside a building wall at the outside face of the wall. Put caulk around the steel wool to keep it in place. Never allow foam to touch exposed wiring. Therefore, it is also desirable to seal the hole internally but many installers or DIYers just dont do this. Use a combination of foam sealant and cement stucco to fill large gaps and voids. How To Insulate Exterior Walls With Water Pipes In Them? Radial axis transformation in polar kernel density estimate, Euler: A baby on his lap, a cat on his back thats how he wrote his immortal works (origin?). It fits in seconds in any weather Central States Industrial (CSI) stocks Pipetite in two different warehouses around the US, allowing customersto be reached on-demand. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Water supply lines can create a racket when in use. Can I drill access holes so that I can change a front load washer door seal without unstacking dryer. Lets not forget the importance of great looking interiors and exteriors. Spread silicone on all four sides of the hole and at the slit at the bottom to completely seal the edges (Photo 3). The only problem Ive had with it is that its hard to get into the cracks between the pipe and the framing. Dust the area around the pipe with an old paintbrush or handheld duster to remove dirt, dust and other debris. FlueSnug is designed primarily to help ensure properties meet airtightness requirements, simplify the installation of flues in older properties and, when fitted, eliminate the need for any further pointing with mortar or sealing around the flue to the building fabric. Install the dispenser to the product as per directed on label. Next, install flexible flashing tape in a half moon below the pipe, overlapping the housewrap. Pavers mortared to cement how to grout joints. Drill through sheathing and drywall for pipe. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Without the right tools, closing gaps that occur can become a difficult and costly problem. The elasticity of plumber's putty makes it stand up better against long-term exposure to water. weekendbuilds.com. If you need to run a new stack, assess your framing. Mortar and sealant have disadvantages when it comes to sealing holes around pipes: Before PipeSnug was invented, sealing around a pipe through a brick wall was generally carried out using mortar and silicone adhesives. Load a caulk gun with exterior grade caulking. 6. Fill larger voids with the foam sealant, then apply the cement to provide a natural finish to the surface surrounding the pipes. As a hygienic processor, you work to ensure your plant environment is kept safe, secure, and clean. Central States Industrial Equipment (CSI) is a leader in distribution of hygienic pipe, valves, fittings, pumps, heat exchangers, and MRO supplies for hygienic industrial processors, with four distribution facilities across the U.S. CSI also provides detail design and execution for hygienic process systems in the food, dairy, beverage, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and personal care industries. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Before we discuss strategies, let's first define what a piping penetration is. When using this method, first cut a flap in the housewrap above the pipe and fold it up out of the way. The element that blocks the open area around the penetrant to seal off one side of the barrier from the other. SECTIONP2608 WORKMANSHIP P2608.1General. #1. Manage Settings If necessary, fill the gap in layers of cement to build up the area slowly. May not have even known that a/c lines go into the house. Use lath screen or lath metal, cement, hardware cloth, or metal sheeting to fix large holes. Active since 1995, Hearth.com is THE place on the internet for free information and advice about wood stoves, pellet stoves and other energy saving equipment. Wipe the cement smooth using a damp sponge. And a major component in maintaining a safe processing environment is to control the conditions in and around the processing area. Acrylic and latex-based caulking designed for exterior applications are ideal for sealing gaps 1/2 inch and smaller around the , Dust the area around the pipe with an old paintbrush or handheld duster to remove dirt, dust and other debris. Can I run a plumbing vent through a wall instead of the roof? Allow the foam sealant to thoroughly dry before removing excess sealant. Install your stove pipe. What is the difference between paper presentation and poster presentation? They can be installed in any weather, do not perish and give a brilliant finish. Choose a location for your stove pipe. Slip a shim under the pipe and tap in until it is firmly in place, but not tight, to allow for expansion. Load a caulk gun with exterior grade caulking. It's this expansion that can cause . Does Flex Paste Actually Block YouTubeYouTube www.youtube.com. In some cases, pipes are cast in or placed on top of concrete footings at 6 to 8 ft (1.8 to 2.4 m) o.c. I don't know what the grey stuff was that removed. Plumber's putty and silicone are two types of plumbing compounds that you can use to prevent leaks and create watertight seals for plumbing fixtures. Do not use plumber's putty where you need adhesive strength (to bond materials or prevent them from moving) or where you need a watertight seal in exposed areas. www.thespruce.com. Note: If not allowed to flex slightly, piping is subject to material fatigue and potential failure in joints and connections. But you can typically expect putty to outperform and outlast silicone used in these areas. Then a good silicone caulk would work well. For faucet pipes through exterior walls, install a rubber gasket or flashing around the pipe on the exterior wall, if possible, in addition to caulking. Fill small holes with steel wool. Resistant to water, heat and ageing. www.soudal.co.uk. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, Forrestal Building You can then refit the existing FlueSnug you dont have to buy another one. These materials can be found at your local hardware store. www.cdc.gov. This characteristic makes it unsuitable for large gaps. I am trying to figure out the proper way to run a 1" PEX water main through my foundation wall 3' below grade. Once the GREAT STUFF has cured, trim off any excess with a serrated blade if necessary. As a hygienic processor, you work to ensure your plant environment is kept safe, secure, and clean, and the problem of maintaining high standards with piping thatpenetrates through walls needs an effective solution. Avoid painting the wall during winters, as this can create a lot of dampness inside the walls and result in water seepage in wall. Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string. Its a very professional, cost-effective way to make the exterior of a building look smart and aesthetically pleasing. Work the material into the gap to fill additional voids behind the surface when necessary. Put caulk around the steel wool to keep it in place. Roughly an inch and a half.We are going to cut inch and a half strips of the Wigluv.So, as the water is running down the building we obviously want to create a shingle effect. Silicone CaulkSilicone Caulk It is resistant to temperature, water, chemicals and weather, making it a good choice for exterior as well as interior applications. waterproofcaulking.com. Wipe the caulking smooth with your finger. Sealing all of the penetrations in a process setting is an important step in producing a safe product and maintaining a healthy work environment. To clarify, are you saying you're apply foam from the inside of the house, and caulk from the outside? These Quickflashing flashings come in different sizes, we keep them in inventory and hang them around the penetrations as they are installed. How should I go about getting parts for this bike? Silicone adheres best to clean surfaces. Just like PipeSnug, FlueSnug can be used both inside and outside the property for the best finish and prevents heat escaping and acts as a barrier to drafts, damp, insects and pests. 8. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. By choosing the correct model and number of links, the PipeSeal belt will expand when wrench tightened to fill the gap and create a seal. PipeSnug and FlueSnug are the icings on the cake for sealing pipework inside and outside the home. This small gap should be sealed with a high temperature caulking or sealant. How To Make Hole For Drain Pipe In Exterior Wall? How to make sure a dampen floor and wall is caused by a leaking pipe? The holes must follow a straight line across the floor and must ascend or descend so the pipe will be sloped inch per foot. Sealing around existing piping. Whenever possible, run pipes through holes in the center of framing members. Privacy Policy Use a damp rag to remove excess caulking. He said the sleeving should also be made of metal. How do you seal the gap around a gas pipe? Assemble the approved fittings onto the top of the drainpipe. How To Run An Electrical Wire An Office And Bathroom? Manufactured in the UK to the highest standards These can be: Often these holes are not sealed very well, and little thought is given to how it affects the look of a home, let alone the other factors we have touched on before, such as energy efficiency, draughts, insects, water ingress and so on. Potentially leaving an air gap between (not suggesting that's an issue). For many years the traditional solution for covering piping penetrations in walls, floors, and ceilings has been to use stainless steel escutcheon plates, also known as wall plates or beauty plates. Cementing in around soil pipe exiting around brick wall. You can also use dehumidifiers, to remove the moisture from the air thus preventing water seepage in wall. Even after testing equivalent to 158 years of outdoor use, Pipetite remains waterproof and shows no sign of degradation. The very best way to seal gaps around pipes both outside and inside the home is by using PipeSnug, and for where boiler flues exit a building, FlueSnug. The OP'er is asking about the gap left between wall members and raceway after penetrating an exterior wall. So make sure that you roll down your sleeves. Contributing to Pipetite's durability is a temperature rating of -40 to 500F. Look on the side of most homes and you will see pipes entering the brick wall. Great Stuff and Great Stuff Pro products can be used outdoors. the plumber fitted a 50mm plastic waste pipe through the wall and cemented it in. In the attic, you might be able to run the vent over to tie into an existing vent. But if you're remodeling a bathroom or kitchen, be prepared to make changes in the plan once you've removed the wall covering and flooring. Spread silicone on all four sides of the hole and at the slit at the bottom to completely seal the edges (Photo 3). The most effective and most straightforward process for sealing around outside pipes is to use PipeSnug. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. We are going to start at the bottom for that reason, working around the pipe up to the top.We are going to fold the Wigluv 60 strip, roughly in half.Grab the glue side, a little tip and trick to peel the backing off. Find out more about complying with Building Regulations for pipes in walls. Seal the wall against these pests with caulk. Fill larger voids with the foam sealant, then apply the cement to provide a natural finish to the surface surrounding the pipes. Wall spaces give them protection against outside weather. Compliant with new changes to Part L of Building Regulations It's useful for applications which involve repeated access. Use a combination of foam sealant and cement stucco to fill large gaps and voids. Now some electrician or plumber, some trade has created a pipe penetration through the sheathing and through the WRB. We have a nice tight seal of this pipe penetration through the Majvest 500 SA utilizing the Wigluv 60, cut into small strips. Takes a season to finish but it's bombproof and looks the best. When installing the pipes, the sleeve must be sealed internally and unsealed externally. Dust the area around the pipe with an old paintbrush or hand-held duster to remove dirt, dust and other debris. No matter how tight the fit, a gap will remain around pipes routed through brick walls. Seal gaps around water, sewer and gas pipes that pass through brick walls to prevent conditioned air from escaping as well as unwanted pests from entering the home. In all processing facilities, employee and product safety are the foremost concerns. Just make sure to apply it in very small layers. Epoxy. Unlike metal wall plates or escutcheons, Pipetite is flexible, so it stays in place and maintains a seal despite pipeline vibration and movement. Read more about fitting flues at height safely. Before you begin, brush up on your basic carpentry skills, understand your home's structure, and make sure you know how to install pipe. garychance, Carbent liked this post. How do you seal the gap around a gas pipe? The sealant can be used indoors or outdoors, is weather tight, and also resistant to vegetable and petroleum oils. api.ferguson.com.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'k2_builders_com-box-4','ezslot_3',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-k2_builders_com-box-4-0'); Moisture curing, polyurethane expanding foam, specifically developed for filling gaps around pipes and other plumbing applications. There is already a hole through the stone wall, going into the basement. This technical guide is a general education tool for mechanical and electrical contractors, process designers and engineers, production managers, and anyone else who has a stake in ensuring that their processing environment is clean and safe. As you can don't worry too much about it though you can use yourMoreApply the caulking as smoothly. Request email quote or call Westatlantic 1-902 455-4455. Instead of mortar, we now use low-expansion urethane foam to fill the gap around the pipe. Pack the material in tightly and make sure the cement connects with both the pipe and surrounding wall. Mix a small amount of cement in a clean bucket using a margin trowel. 8 According to studies by DOEs Building America program, distribution heat loss in uninsulated hot water pipes can range from 16% to 23% depending on the climate. You may need to tape the rubber to the siding temporarily until the caulk dries. Pro: Inexpensive, short-term solution that provides decorative trim to penetration.Con: Over time plates will separate from the wall and lose their hygienic seal. Similarly, silicone sealant can also weather, fall away, and the finish is not ideal. Put caulk around the steel wool to keep it in place. Scope. Any remodeling project, home addition, or new construction that involves plumbing work will generally involve running pipe. Apply sealant over a PEF backing rod around the opening, cover with a flange and seal around the The putty is considered one of the basic plumber tools and is often used any time plumbing fixtures are replaced. expertservicesutah.com. In general, in a string of multiplication is it better to multiply the big numbers or the small numbers first? Get the Best Mortgage Rate for You. Seal around pipe penetrations Pipes through a penetration should be firmly fixed so the pipe does not move within the opening. ANTICOR Seal cable conduits ENif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'k2_builders_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_5',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-k2_builders_com-medrectangle-3-0'); use copper no probs the LT thats the pipe that comes through the wall has a plastic sleeve around it however there is no air gap between that and the galvinised steel so ok even though it passess through the cavity and poss susidence, How to Run a Pipe Through a Concrete Block Wall, Proco Pipe Penetration Seal Installation Video. Prepare the wall sheathing to receive the air/water control membrane. Turn off pilot lights and don't smoke when using expanding foam. Legal You may need to tape the rubber to the siding temporarily until the caulk dries. www.familyhandyman.com. Extinguish candles and open windows to increase ventilation, which can help disperse the gas. 1. What is the purpose of non-series Shimano components? Built right, a building's exterior wall is a comprehensive system for protecting the building from the elements and for managing heat, air, and moisture. Either expanding or non-expanding foam sealant is sufficient for filling the gap. One complication with maintaining sanitary standards is piping that penetrates through walls, exposing your facility to dust and dirt, and providing a breeding ground for bacteria and pests. Plumber's putty and silicone are two types of plumbing compounds that you can use to prevent leaks and create watertight seals for plumbing fixtures. Pro: (Temporary) quick-fix with the ability to conform and fill most voids.Con: Do not remain pliable over time to maintain the sanitary seal. Another simple step for better outlet insulation is to apply foam or caulk into the gap around the flush-mounted box, behind electrical cover plates. With these various applications in mind, there are four primary strategies for sealings, each with their own positives and negatives. Insulating water pipes can save energy by lessening heat loss through the piping. We also use a lot of 2" sch 40 pvc, silicone around line set and mortar around pvc. Flashing, an insulating expanding foam, or in some cases, caulk, can be used to seal these penetrations and prevent the problems. Ventilate the area if possible. You'll notice that as you are working with this the Wigluv 60 has a lot of flex, a lot of stretch, so you're really going to be able to form it around the pipe and create a really nice seal. These processes take time and a lot of effort. Acrylic and latex-based caulking designed for exterior applications are ideal for sealing gaps 1/2 inch and smaller around the perimeter of a pipe. Once installed, the rigid design holds the piping securely and doesnt allow movement. Apply Essential Oils. How To Seal Staple Hole In Camper Exterior Wall? 3:575:03Flex Paste vs. Rodents. 5.1 Wall Penetrations. For use with mini split and conventional air conditioner split system line sets. I replaced a hose faucet on an exterior wall of my house. Subscribe to Our Channel Here: https://si.ga/YouTubeSIGANAsubscribe Hi,I'm Jay with SIGA.We are here today on a construction site that has just recently installed Majvest 500 SA as the WRB, weather and air barrier. Plumber's putty should not be used on plastics (PVC or ABS) because it will affect the integrity of the material and lead to product failure. www.oatey.com. BEST FOR WATER: Oatey 31230 Pipe Joint Compound with PTFE with Brush. Is there any difference in the type of wiring in common household? How do you seal a pipe on an outside wall? Do I need to have a sleeve around the new spigot piping? Use lath screen or lath metal, cement, hardware cloth, or metal sheeting to fix large holes. Go to US Navigation; . This is the same stuff we use to seal cracks and crevices throughout the house to reduce air leaks. How should I repair a gap between a window and the trim? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. If necessary, fill the gap in layers of cement to build up the area slowly. It's best to use a satin or semi-gloss finish for a long lasting effect. Anchor the drainpipe with straps. Fill small holes with steel wool. Load a caulk gun with exterior grade caulking. Use a damp rag to remove excess caulking. . Required fields are marked *. For faucet pipes through exterior walls, install a rubber gasket or flashing around the pipe on the exterior wall, if possible, in addition to caulking. All Right Reserved. 300.5 (G) and 300.7 (A) are referring to the inside of the conduit, not around the conduit. Vent pipes are the most prevalent penetration into the building . 17 Jul 2014. How To Remove Stubborn Old Fixtures Bathroom Sink? Invented by a builder who was fed up with mess and hassle, PipeSnug can be fitted externally and internally, giving a smart finish quickly. You dont need to mix mortar or use silicone, and it can be fitted in less than five seconds. . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. To further protect pipes, the wall cavity holding the pipes should be air-sealed with caulking or by foaming all seams between the back wall of the cavity and the framing and by sealing any holes through the framing for the piping. Whats the grammar of "For those whose stories they are"? To repair your pipe or joint using epoxy, first clean and dry the damaged area, ensuring water can't reach the affected area. Load a caulk gun with exterior grade caulking. Cut a smaller opening in the ceiling for the vent pipe. She has vast experience with digital media, including SEO, photo shoot production, video production, eCommerce content, print collaboration, and custom sales content. Resistant to water, heat and ageing. www.soudal.co.uk. In addition to its use as a non-staining plumbers putty Sta Put Ultra can also be used as a permanently soft and flexible non-pressurized water, air or gas sealant in gaps around wires, pipes, or vents.
Desert Vista High School Nfl Players,
Highlands High School Football,
According To Document B, Why Was George Whitefield So Popular,
Haiku Poems About Nature 5 7 5,
San Dimas Crips,
Articles H